POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL SITUATION

in this essay i am going to write about how is developed the political,econonomical and social situation in three countries that one is Venezuela, Chile and Peru.


VENEZUELA:
The current situation in Venezuela is about as bad as it gets for a country that is not at war. El Niño and climate change have brought severe drought, and years of corrupt and incompetent leadership have ruined the economy--a two punch combination that has this tropical nation of 30 million people reeling. The drought means water is only arriving in the capital, Caracas, once a week. And when it does come, it’s brown and makes people sick. With no rain, the water level is critically low at the Guri hydroelectric dam that normally provides about 60 percent of the nation’s power demand, but without enough water to run it at full capacity, the government is shutting off electricity for hours every day. This energy crisis is coupled with an economy in shambles. Inflation is above 700 percent, that’s the highest rate in the world. All this is due to the poor decision making of an extremist government that’s been led by Hugo Chavez and his successor Nicolas Maduro. They’ve been gradually killing business with a tsunami of regulations, price controls and government takeovers, which has eliminated the private production of many goods and services. So people have bags full of cash, but nothing to buy. Grocery store shelves are bare, and hunger is spreading rapidly. The most tragic part of this story is that Venezuela is sitting on the world’s largest reserves of black gold, so with all that oil it should be on the opposite end of the spectrum--it should be one of the healthier economies in the world. To understand why it’s not, I think two points are worth highlighting: 1) Venezuela has a tumultuous modern history, with constant - and often violent - struggles for power, so Venezuelans have had to put up with a lot of turmoil and don’t expect much stability from their government, and 2) the country is still suffering from the aftermath of the rule of Hugo Chavez, a charismatic firebrand who rose through the military and led two failed coup attempts before becoming President. After himself surviving a coup attempt, Chavez ruled Venezuela during the Bush years, and constantly portrayed himself as a socialist counterweight to Bush’s imperialism.

In 2014, Venezuela suddenly found itself ranked fifth in Latin America in GDP per capita--falling from first place when Chavez took over in ’99. And as oil prices plunged, so did revenues, but the government couldn’t scale back because its spending on social programs and employment was propping up the entire economy.

Maduro’s also following the dictator playbook by declaring a state of emergency and revving up the military that will be his last line of defense if large numbers of Venezuelans take to the streets in revolution.


CHILE:

A Republic based on parliamentary democracy where the President enjoys considerable powers. 

The President is both the Chief of State and Head of Government and holds the executive power. The President appoints the Cabinet and has the authority to remove the Commanders-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. He or She is elected by popular vote for a single four-year term.

For years Chile has been considered a role model for all of Latin America. We shouldn't be surprised at this, in a short period of time, Chile became the wealthiest country in the region, and it started off as one of the poorest.

But this change thanks to Sebastian Piñera was elected President for the second time (he served a first term between 2010 and 2014) on December 17^th, 2017. During his campaign, Mr. Piñera, a center-right politician and also a former businessman, unveiled a USD 14 billion plan for the next four years, designed to reform tax and pension systems and promote investment in infrastructures, while cutting government spending. However, the new President of Chile will certainly face strong opposition as the three Chilean left parties have associated in Parliament to form a majority. One of the objectives of President Sebastian Piñera is to implement measures of fiscal consolidation while keeping investment up in education, health, transportation and energy. Chile’s geography is unique and the country is exposed to earthquake risks. Consequently, investment in infrastructure, and particularly in the road network, is needed. Household consumption represented 64% of the GDP in 2017 and should keep progressing in 2018. Public debt reached an estimated 25% of GDP and the current account deficit reached -2.3%. 

Chile's unemployment is estimated to have reached a peak at 7% in 2017 and should decrease to 6.8% in 2018.The country has high levels of inequality. One of the main reasons of the existing disparities of wealth is the current tax system which handicaps mostly the lower and middle classes. Reducing income inequalities and the country’s dependence on copper exports represent Chile’s main economic challenges in the long term. In order to achieve these goals, Chile has notably invested heavily in renewable energy, which is expected to make up 20% of its energy generation by 2020.

Chile's economy is dominated by the industrial and service sectors, which together contribute to almost 96% of the GDP. Chile’s key activity sectors are mining (copper, coal and nitrate), manufactured products (agro-food processing, chemicals, wood) and agriculture (fishing, viticulture and fruit).

PERU:

Peru entered a period of relative political stability, economic growth, and poverty reduction, begun by a capable interim government headed by President Valentin Paniagua (November 2000 -July 2001), and continued by Peru’s first president of indigenous descent, Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006). Toledo pushed through significant reforms that increased tax collection, reduced expenditures and the budget deficit, and negotiated a free trade agreement with the United States. Softening his populist rhetoric, Alan García launched a political comeback and won the presidential race in 2006. Many observers cast him as “the lesser of two evils” compared to his opponent, Ollanta Humala, who espoused nationalist, anti-globalization policies. García (2006- 2011) maintained orthodox macro-economic policies. Economic growth continued under García, and so, too, did popular protests over the failure of that growth to improve social conditions for Peru’s poorest people, and over the exploitation of natural resources. Humala went on to win the presidency in 2011.

In 2011 the corporacion andinada de formento a multilateral development bank, reported that while nationwide poverty levels were around 33%, they reached 70% in parts of the Andean and Amazonian regions where the country's indigenous population is concentrated. In these same areas, rates of malnutrition, infant and maternal mortality were also much higher and access to healthcare more limited

In addition to poverty, Peru’s indigenous groups are also disadvantaged by lower levels of education. While the government in theory recognises the right to bilingual and intercultural education, in practice this is not usually provided. Because many indigenous communities tend to be located in remote, isolated and geographically hostile regions, the quality of material and human resources is deficient. School attendance is low, with UNICEF reporting only 32% of 3-5 year old indigenous children attend school, compared to 55% of non-indigenous children.

In the judicial system these groups face further discrimination. Despite provisions in the constitution, indigenous people taken into custody in Peru are frequently not provided with an interpreter. There are cases of indigenous people who have been tried and convicted without fully understanding what they are being charged with. Indigenous leaders opposing investment projects regarded by the government as strategically important also claim they continue to be unduly subject to criminal investigation by law enforcement agencies

Violence against women and children

Violence against women and children around the world

Violence is every action where someone used an excessive strength and hurt another one, a group, a subject or an animal, violence does not mean only physical violence. It is much broader and includes sexual, emotional, psychological and financial abuse. Particularly, we can see many cases around the world where women are abused and they are trying to fight for their rights, but the law of every country it is different, and in some cases they don't act, for example, in Africa the women is treated like a sexual object, even they do not have rights, they have many restrictions, simple action in our world like vote or driving a car in some countries are forbidden for women, they are separated from the world, they have to cover all her body and in countries like Mali they have to endure genital mutilation.

Since the beginning of humanity, the man is seen like the one who have the authority and makes the decisions, we could see that in the way the women are treated. Another example is that in religion the man is shown as the head of the family, the provider and some people could think that different and misunderstand and could impose rules to women. The man represents a figure of power, also the strength, the intelligence and the ability in many religions, underestimating the great capabilities of the women.

According to the OMS 1 in 3 (35%) of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Also, most of this violence is intimate partner violence. Worldwide, almost one third (30%) of women who have been in a relationship report that they have experienced some form of physical and/or sexual violence by their intimate partner, and it should be noted that globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by a male intimate partner. The idea is that these numbers not only remain in statistics, these facts should help us to realize the great impact that violence has on the female population, we need to raise awareness in society and do something to change it.

Likewise, the OMS estimated that up to 1 billion children aged 2-17 years, have experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence or neglect in the past year, these children grow up with a lot of problems, anger, frustration, fear, a bad self-esteem and in the future, they reflect every act of violence that they see or receive and possibly they could do the same thing with its family.

It is not impossible to create a better world, everyone have to help the people who need it the most, in this case women and children are victims of abuse, men who use of his power, authority, strength or influence to get what they want and hurt people deserve the worst punishment and everyday many groups and many nations are changing, giving more participation to women and children and providing greater support and safety.

Democratic elections

In the following essay, I´m going to talk about my point of view about how the process  of democratic elections in Colombia are seen nowadays.
 First of all we need to have sure that the elections are done every 4 years in Colombia, they  are regulated and controlled by the National Electoral Advice, an  organism that provides information about the choices and results of the same ones to the elect politicians to central level (the president and the congress). The president is elect for a period of 4 years. The Congress has two chambers: the Representatives' Chamber has 163 members chosen by popular choice by 4 years. The Senate has 102 members chosen by popular choice by 4 years.
This is the first year in the history of Colombia that we could see candidates from the FARC, aspiring to be the president.
This year the votes were surrounded with fraud, corruption and between others...This year can be seen how there are left-wing parties and not only of right taking part so much in the presidential choices as in those of the chamber.
One of the scandals of these elections was that there weren’t enough cards for the whole country, when they had made sufficient for all the voters. This caused a great protest in the centers of voting’s, since on not having delivered for what they were asking they were not fulfilling his right to vote and because of it, they looked for solutions as the use of photocopies to be able to use like cards so the People could vote for their favorite candidate.
Another was that some candidates they were left because, they bought votes, but the National  Electoral Advice realize what happen and they  start doing a research on the elections.

Despite all the fraud this is one of the times that the people have taken  voice and vote for their candidates. We could also found that they were a lot of white votes. This year’s elections were a new breath among people, and let them express their feelings again to the country, with new faces and new people.

GAY MARRIAGE

Gay Marriage

Gay marriage is a controversial issue that attracts numerous reactions from those advocating and those opposing the vise. The issue regarding whether lesbian and gay marriages attracts heated debate. In the societal setting, certain individuals believe that homosexuality is immoral while gay advocates believe that putting into consideration the sexual preferences of every individual is essential. To the latter group of people, lesbians and homosexuals should have similar civil rights, including marrying anybody, one wishes. This piece presents two sides of arguments regarding pros and cons of gay marriage.

first of all, gay marriage argue that denying a couple the right to marry any person of their choice regardless of their sexes is immoral since they are denied some of their basic right. This is because when an individual is unable to marry, there are certain rights that they cannot enjoy. Some of these rights, which only the married couples enjoy that include visitation rights when one partner is admitted in hospital, health care, social security and joint tax benefits
Nevertheless the fight for equal rights does not essentially focus on the access to benefits only, but rather focus on ensuring that gay and lesbian couples proclaim their love and commitment to one another in a similar manner the heterosexual couples always enjoy. couples like this feel that when they are married the relationship will be stonger.

They are some others that think, that gay marrige is inmoral because they are the same sex,and that  allowing gay marriages is likely to increase the divorce rates. Besides, those opposing same-sex marriage purport that gays and lesbians are likely to taint the long-standing practice within the institution marriage – that is marriage between different genders. The other point to analyzed is that procreation is impossible because you could not do it with someone that is like you . Gay marriage does not support this belief; therefore, such couples should not marry. Indeed, homosexual couple’s home is not fit to raise children, even if they adopt a child. And las but not least we have the position from the religious part that it is against equal marrige.

in conclusion i don´t support equal marriage, because i think tha is a leak of respect to God. Gay marriages do not offer a good environment for bringing up children while marriage between different sexes promotes the long-standing belief of the marriage institution – that is, different gender marriages.

death penalty

Capital punishment, also dubbed the "death penalty," is the pre-meditated and planned taking of a human life by a government in response to a crime committed by that legally convicted person.
peolpe around the world are divided by those who support and those who dosen´t .

It is the premeditated and cold-blooded killing of a human being by the state in the name of justice. It violates the right to life...It is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. There can never be any justification for torture or for cruel treatment.
In some countries the death penalty is used disproportionately against the poor, who cannot afford expensive legal counsel, as well as against racial, ethnic and religious minorities. They are other that had been wrongly convicted, innocent people have received death penalty sentences, and tragically, were killed by the state. Also killing human life is morally wrong under all circumstances. Some faith groups, such as the Roman Catholic Church, oppose the death penalty as not being "pro-life."

They are some other things that we need to consider about death penalty and that is mainly use is to  serve as example to other would-be criminals, to deter them from committing murder or terrorist acts. To punish the criminal for his/her act. Some other people consider that what you gave is what you recived so many people support it so  tehy could obtain retribution on behalf of the victims.

in conclusion i think that i support death penalty, because we need to make justice and make those criminals  pay about what they have done, but if it need to work everyone should have the right to have a good attorney .

The Mysterious Triangle Myth

The Mysterious Triangle Myth

After the separation of the continents, the first living beings habited earth and gods, who were there since the beginning of time, governed the world. However, not all gods were good nor tolerate the existence of mortals. They had an insatiable thirst for power and the suffering of beings generate pleasure on them. This way, the so-called demons attacked the life of mortals on different ways.

Gods tried to protect Earth’s habitants, but demons outnumbered them and more lives were lost than saved.Foreseeing this war as lost, gods pulled apart two small pieces of land from a continent forming a triangle that symbolized the union between mortals, gods and Earth.After this, they deceive demons and guide them to the center of this place. But, they needed a bait in order to get them there, so they sacrificed some mortals; a painful sacrifice but necessary in order to save the rest. When the demons appeared, all gods created a barrier that joined both islands and the continent so that no god could escape it. Nevertheless, creating it made them give up almost all their power.

This way, gods managed to protect mortals from the damage caused by demons in the place we know today as “Bermuda Triangle”. The only problem was that, even though they could prevent demons from reaching living beings, gods couldn’t prevent mortals from entering the triangle. This is why those who enter this place never come out; demons take advantage of this visit to quench their thirst of seeing mortal’s suffering. Additionally, sometimes demons managed to get out and attack until gods stop them completely. This is why sometimes hurricanes, earthquakes or tsunamis are created.

Frida Sofía, legend

Frida Sofía 

There is this legend that many people don't know it is about frida Sofia. If you have a knowledge of how she is well you already know a part of this story, and for those how don't know I'm going to tell you how is frida Sofia 

A long time ago in Mexico their was a little girl around the 1978 how attended to a school. She loved to go to the school and she was an excellent student. One day when she was walking to arrived to the school their was a lot with an old house she was intrigued about how the door was open so she decide to go, Frida was intrigued because she never saw a house like that, so old and pretty it was strange.

Frida decided to go upstairs an she go to a bedroom that was how she always wanted but one thing that she didn't know was that the house was going to be collapsed at the same time that she was inside. When she realized that the house was going to be collapsed she try to open the door but it was closed so she stars screaming "help, help I'm here please help", but no one hear and in that moment she realized that she was trapped.....BOOM!..... she was dead or that  is what the people think....

Frida open her eyes and realize that she was dead, but frida was a ghost she swear to have a revenge and when disaster happen she appears and guide the people to their death.